Hip Fracture
A hip fracture is a break in the upper quarter of the femur (thigh bone), near the hip joint. Hip fractures are a serious injury, particularly in older adults — more than 300,000 Americans are hospitalized for hip fractures each year. They are most commonly caused by falls in people with osteoporosis, though high-energy trauma can cause hip fractures in younger patients as well.
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Symptoms
- Severe pain in the hip or groin area
- Inability to put weight on the leg after a fall
- The leg on the affected side appearing shorter or rotated outward
- Bruising and swelling around the hip
- Inability to move the hip, knee, or leg
- Stiffness, bruising, and swelling in the hip area
When to See a Doctor
A hip fracture is a medical emergency. Seek immediate emergency care if you fall and experience severe hip or groin pain with inability to bear weight. Do not attempt to walk on a suspected hip fracture.
Treatment Options
Surgical repair (internal fixation)
Screws, rods, or plates used to hold the bone in place while it heals. Used for fractures where the blood supply is intact.
Partial hip replacement (hemiarthroplasty)
Replaces the femoral head when the blood supply has been disrupted and the bone may not heal. Common in displaced femoral neck fractures.
Total hip replacement
Replaces both the femoral head and acetabulum. Used when there is pre-existing arthritis or in active younger patients.
Post-operative rehabilitation
Physical therapy beginning within 24 hours of surgery. Early mobilization is critical for recovery and preventing complications.
Recovery Timeline
Most patients begin walking the day after surgery. Full recovery takes 3-6 months. Older patients may require 6-12 months to return to baseline function. Some loss of mobility is common.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a hip fracture be treated without surgery?
Non-surgical treatment of hip fractures is rarely used because it requires prolonged bed rest, which carries high risks of blood clots, pneumonia, pressure sores, and muscle loss in older patients. Surgery allows early mobilization and significantly improves outcomes.
How long does it take to walk after a hip fracture?
With modern surgical treatment, most patients begin walking with assistance the day after surgery. Independent walking usually returns within 4-8 weeks. Full recovery — returning to pre-injury activity levels — typically takes 3-6 months.
What type of doctor treats hip fractures?
Orthopaedic surgeons specializing in hip or trauma surgery perform hip fracture repair. A geriatrician or hospitalist typically co-manages the medical aspects of care in older patients.
Related Specialty
Hip Specialists →Hip Fracture by State
Related Conditions
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.