Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of adults. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones wears down over time. While it can affect any joint, it most commonly impacts the knees, hips, hands, and spine. Osteoarthritis is the leading reason for joint replacement surgery.
Find a SpecialistSymptoms
- Joint pain during or after movement
- Joint stiffness, especially in the morning or after inactivity
- Loss of flexibility and range of motion
- Grinding or crackling sensation (crepitus)
- Swelling around the joint
- Bone spurs (hard lumps) around the joint
When to See a Doctor
See an orthopaedic specialist if joint pain or stiffness is affecting your daily activities, sleep, or quality of life, or if over-the-counter medications are no longer providing relief.
Treatment Options
Physical therapy and exercise
Strengthening muscles around the joint reduces stress on cartilage. Low-impact exercises like swimming and cycling are recommended.
Medications
NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen), acetaminophen, and topical pain relievers. Prescription options include duloxetine and cortisone injections.
Injections
Cortisone injections for short-term relief (3-6 months). Hyaluronic acid (viscosupplementation) to lubricate the joint.
Joint replacement surgery
Total or partial joint replacement when conservative treatments fail. Most common for knees and hips. Implants typically last 20-25 years.
Recovery Timeline
Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition managed over time. Conservative treatments provide ongoing relief. Joint replacement surgery requires 3-6 months for full recovery, with most patients reporting significant pain relief.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the best treatment for osteoarthritis?
Treatment depends on severity. Mild to moderate OA is managed with physical therapy, weight management, anti-inflammatory medications, and injections. Severe OA with bone-on-bone contact may require joint replacement surgery.
Can osteoarthritis be reversed?
Cartilage damage from osteoarthritis cannot currently be reversed. However, treatments can significantly reduce pain, improve function, and slow progression. Weight loss and exercise are the most effective non-surgical interventions.
What type of doctor treats osteoarthritis?
Orthopaedic surgeons specialize in treating osteoarthritis, particularly when surgery may be needed. Rheumatologists also treat arthritis, especially inflammatory types. Your primary care physician can provide initial evaluation and referral.
Find a specialist for Osteoarthritis
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.