Stress Fracture
A stress fracture is a small crack in a bone caused by repetitive force or overuse, rather than a single traumatic event. They are most common in the weight-bearing bones of the lower leg and foot. Stress fractures account for 10% of all sports injuries and are particularly common in runners, military recruits, and dancers.
Find a SpecialistSymptoms
- Localized pain that worsens with activity
- Pain that improves with rest
- Swelling on the top of the foot or outside of the ankle
- Tenderness at a specific spot on the bone
- Pain that gradually develops over days to weeks
- Pain that becomes more severe over time if activity continues
When to See a Doctor
See a sports medicine specialist if you have persistent, localized bone pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest, especially if it has been getting progressively worse. Early diagnosis is important - continuing activity on a stress fracture can lead to a complete fracture.
Treatment Options
Rest and modified activity
The primary treatment. Stop the activity that caused the fracture. Switch to non-weight-bearing exercise (swimming, cycling) to maintain fitness.
Protective footwear
Walking boot or stiff-soled shoe to reduce stress on the fracture site. Crutches may be needed for more severe fractures.
Gradual return to activity
Slow, progressive increase in activity over 4-8 weeks once pain-free. Typically increase by no more than 10% per week.
Surgery (rare)
Internal fixation with screws or pins for high-risk fractures (navicular, fifth metatarsal, femoral neck) that may not heal with rest alone.
Recovery Timeline
Most stress fractures heal in 6-8 weeks with rest. Return to full activity typically takes 8-12 weeks. High-risk fractures (navicular, femoral neck) may take 3-6 months.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can you walk on a stress fracture?
It depends on the location and severity. Many people with stress fractures can walk with mild pain, but continuing to walk on a stress fracture can delay healing or cause it to progress to a complete fracture. A walking boot or crutches may be recommended to protect the bone while it heals.
How is a stress fracture diagnosed?
Stress fractures are often not visible on initial X-rays. MRI is the gold standard for diagnosis, showing bone marrow edema (swelling) at the fracture site. A bone scan can also detect stress fractures. Clinical examination with point tenderness and pain with activity is often sufficient for initial diagnosis.
What type of doctor treats stress fractures?
Sports medicine orthopaedic surgeons and foot and ankle specialists are the primary doctors for stress fractures. They can determine the fracture location, assess healing risk, and decide whether a boot, crutches, or surgery is needed.
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.