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Shoulder Replacement

Shoulder replacement (shoulder arthroplasty) is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged parts of the shoulder joint with artificial components. There are two main types: anatomic (total) shoulder replacement and reverse shoulder replacement. Reverse replacement has become increasingly popular for patients with rotator cuff tears combined with arthritis. Over 100,000 shoulder replacements are performed annually in the US.

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Who Needs Shoulder Replacement?

Shoulder replacement is recommended for patients with severe shoulder arthritis causing significant pain and loss of motion that has not responded to conservative treatments, failed rotator cuff repair with arthritis (reverse replacement), and severe fractures of the shoulder in older patients.

What to Expect

1
X-rays and CT scan to plan implant sizing and positioning
2
Surgery takes 1.5-3 hours under general anesthesia with a nerve block
3
The damaged ball and/or socket are replaced with metal and plastic components
4
Reverse replacement switches the positions of the ball and socket
5
Hospital stay of 1-2 nights
6
Arm immobilized in a sling for 2-6 weeks depending on procedure type

Recovery Timeline

Weeks 1-2

Sling immobilization. Gentle pendulum exercises. Ice and pain management.

Weeks 3-6

Begin passive range of motion with physical therapist. Sling use gradually reduced.

Months 2-3

Active range of motion begins. Light daily activities without the sling.

Months 3-6

Progressive strengthening. Return to most daily activities.

Months 6-12

Maximum recovery. Return to low-impact activities like golf and swimming.

Risks & Complications

  • Dislocation (1-3% for anatomic, higher early after reverse)
  • Infection (1-2%)
  • Loosening of implant components
  • Nerve injury (rare)
  • Fracture around the implant
  • Stiffness

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between total and reverse shoulder replacement?

In a total (anatomic) shoulder replacement, the ball stays on the arm bone and the socket on the shoulder blade. In a reverse replacement, the positions are switched - the ball is placed on the shoulder blade and the socket on the arm bone. Reverse replacement is used when the rotator cuff is severely damaged, as it relies on the deltoid muscle instead.

How long does a shoulder replacement last?

Modern shoulder implants are expected to last 15-20 years. Studies show 90%+ survival at 10 years. Reverse replacements have shorter track records but show excellent early and mid-term results.

Can you lift weights after shoulder replacement?

Light resistance training is typically allowed after 4-6 months. Most surgeons recommend a permanent lifting restriction of 25-30 pounds for overhead activities to protect the implant. Low-impact exercises like swimming, cycling, and golf are encouraged.

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Estimated Cost

$25,000 - $55,000 (before insurance). Covered by Medicare and most private plans.

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This information is for educational purposes only. Costs are estimates and vary by location, surgeon, and insurance. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider.