Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis) is a condition characterized by progressive stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. The connective tissue surrounding the joint thickens and tightens, restricting movement. It typically develops gradually in three stages and resolves over 1-3 years, though treatment can significantly shorten the timeline.
Find a SpecialistSymptoms
- Gradual onset of dull, aching shoulder pain
- Increasing stiffness and loss of range of motion
- Difficulty reaching behind the back or overhead
- Pain that worsens at night
- Unable to raise the arm past a certain point
- Pain on both active and passive movement
When to See a Doctor
See a shoulder specialist if stiffness is progressively limiting your daily activities, if you cannot raise your arm above shoulder level, or if shoulder pain is disrupting your sleep for more than 2-3 weeks.
Treatment Options
Physical therapy
Gentle stretching and range-of-motion exercises are the primary treatment. Consistency is key - daily exercises accelerate recovery.
Cortisone injections
Steroid injections into the shoulder joint reduce inflammation and pain, making physical therapy more effective.
Hydrodilatation
Injection of sterile fluid into the joint capsule to stretch it and break up adhesions. Often combined with steroid injection.
Manipulation under anesthesia
The surgeon moves the shoulder through its full range while the patient is under anesthesia to break up scar tissue.
Recovery Timeline
Without treatment, frozen shoulder typically resolves in 1-3 years through three stages: freezing (2-9 months), frozen (4-12 months), and thawing (5-24 months). With aggressive treatment, recovery can be shortened to 6-12 months.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long does frozen shoulder last?
Without treatment, frozen shoulder can last 1-3 years. With physical therapy, injections, and other treatments, most patients see significant improvement within 6-12 months. Some residual stiffness may persist.
What causes frozen shoulder?
The exact cause is often unknown. Risk factors include diabetes, thyroid disorders, shoulder injury or surgery, and prolonged immobilization. It is more common in women and people over 40.
What type of doctor treats frozen shoulder?
Orthopaedic surgeons specializing in shoulder conditions are the primary specialists. Physical therapists work closely with the surgeon to manage daily rehabilitation exercises.
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.