Shoulder Impingement
Shoulder impingement occurs when the tendons of the rotator cuff and the bursa become pinched between the bones of the shoulder during overhead arm movement. It is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain, particularly in athletes and people who perform repetitive overhead activities. If left untreated, it can progress to a rotator cuff tear.
Find a SpecialistSymptoms
- Pain when reaching overhead or behind the back
- Pain when lying on the affected shoulder
- Weakness in the shoulder and arm
- Pain with lifting or reaching
- Aching pain at rest that worsens with activity
- Pain in the front and side of the shoulder
When to See a Doctor
See a shoulder specialist if pain persists for more than 2-3 weeks, if you have difficulty sleeping on the affected side, or if overhead activities cause consistent pain. Early treatment prevents progression to a rotator cuff tear.
Treatment Options
Rest and activity modification
Avoiding overhead activities that provoke pain. Modifying work and exercise technique.
Physical therapy
Rotator cuff strengthening, scapular stabilization exercises, and postural correction. The most important treatment for long-term resolution.
Cortisone injection
Injection into the subacromial space to reduce inflammation and pain. Provides a window of relief for more effective physical therapy.
Arthroscopic subacromial decompression
Minimally invasive surgery to create more space for the rotator cuff by removing bone and inflamed tissue. Reserved for cases that do not respond to 3-6 months of conservative treatment.
Recovery Timeline
Physical therapy: improvement in 6-12 weeks with consistent exercises. Cortisone injection: relief within days. Surgery: sling for 1-2 weeks, physical therapy for 3-4 months, full recovery in 4-6 months.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does shoulder impingement go away on its own?
Mild shoulder impingement may improve with rest and activity modification. However, without addressing the underlying muscle weakness and movement patterns through physical therapy, symptoms often recur. Untreated impingement can progress to rotator cuff damage.
What is the difference between shoulder impingement and a rotator cuff tear?
Shoulder impingement is pinching of the rotator cuff tendons, while a rotator cuff tear is actual damage (partial or complete) to the tendon fibers. Impingement often precedes a tear - chronic pinching can weaken the tendons over time, leading to tearing.
What type of doctor treats shoulder impingement?
Orthopaedic surgeons specializing in shoulder conditions or sports medicine are the primary specialists. Physical therapists play a critical role in the rehabilitation program.
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.